Quantification of Efficiency Losses Due to Mobile Ions in Perovskite Solar Cells via Fast Hysteresis Measurements

Perovskite semiconductors differ from most inorganic and organic due to the presence of mobile ions in material. Although phenomenon is intensively investigated, important questions such as exact impact on steady-state power conversion efficiency (PCE) stability remain. Herein, a simple method proposed estimate loss via “fast-hysteresis” measurements by preventing perturbation out their equilibrium position at fast scan speeds ( ? 1000 V s?1). The “ion-free” PCE between 1% 3% higher than PCE, demonstrating importance ion-induced losses, even cells with low levels hysteresis typical 100 mV over many orders magnitude speed provides information effective ion diffusion constant peak position. fast-hysteresis are corroborated transient charge extraction capacitance numerical simulations, which confirm experimental findings provide insights into carrier dynamics. quantify losses field screening induced clarifies several observations opens up large range future experiments.